Journal: Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

Article Title: Chondroprotective Effect of Cynaroside in IL-1 β -Induced Primary Rat Chondrocytes and Organ Explants via NF- κ B and MAPK Signaling Inhibition

doi: 10.1155/2020/9358080

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inhibitory effects of cynaroside on IL-1 β -induced nitrite, ROS, PGE 2 , TNF- α , iNOS, and Cox-2 in primary rat chondrocytes. Cells were pretreated with cynaroside (40, 80, and 160 μ M) for 1 h, followed by IL-1 β (10 ng/mL) stimulation for 24 h. (a) Nitrite production was determined in the cultured medium using a Griess reagent. (b) ROS levels were detected by H 2 DCF-DA probe. (c, d) PGE 2 and TNF- α production was determined in the cultured medium by ELISA. (e) Expression of the iNOS, Cox-2, and TNF- α was determined using western blot analysis. (f) Quantitative data of (e) were analyzed using ImageJ software. α -Tubulin served as an internal control. Expression results are represented as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. ## p < 0.01 compared with the control group; ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗ p < 0.001 compared with the IL-1 β -treated group. CON: control; ROS: reactive oxygen species; PGE 2 : prostaglandin E 2 ; TNF- α : tumor necrosis factor-alpha; iNOS: inducible nitrite oxide; Cox-2: cyclooxygenase-2.

Article Snippet: The concentrations of PGE 2 , TNF- α , collagen, type II, and aggrecan in the culture medium or cells were measured using commercial ELISA kits (PGE 2 and TNF- α , R&D Systems; collagen type II and aggrecan, MyBioSource) according to the manufacturer's protocol.

Techniques: Cell Culture, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Expressing, Western Blot, Software, Control

Journal: Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

Article Title: Chondroprotective Effect of Cynaroside in IL-1 β -Induced Primary Rat Chondrocytes and Organ Explants via NF- κ B and MAPK Signaling Inhibition

doi: 10.1155/2020/9358080

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of cynaroside on IL-1 β -induced collagen type II and aggrecan in primary rat chondrocytes. (a) Cells were pretreated with cynaroside (40, 80, and 160 μ M) for 1 h, followed by IL-1 β (10 ng/mL) stimulation for 24 h. Collagen type II and aggrecan were measured in cultured medium using ELISA. Results are represented as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. ## p < 0.01 compared with the control group; ∗ p < 0.05 and ∗∗ p < 0.01 compared with the IL-1 β -treated group. CON: control. (b) Cells were pretreated with cynaroside (40, 80, and 160 μ M) for 1 h, followed by IL-1 β (10 ng/mL) stimulation for 48 h. Proteoglycan contents were determined using Alcian Blue stain.

Article Snippet: The concentrations of PGE 2 , TNF- α , collagen, type II, and aggrecan in the culture medium or cells were measured using commercial ELISA kits (PGE 2 and TNF- α , R&D Systems; collagen type II and aggrecan, MyBioSource) according to the manufacturer's protocol.

Techniques: Cell Culture, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control, Staining

Journal: Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

Article Title: Chondroprotective Effect of Cynaroside in IL-1 β -Induced Primary Rat Chondrocytes and Organ Explants via NF- κ B and MAPK Signaling Inhibition

doi: 10.1155/2020/9358080

Figure Lengend Snippet: Chondroprotective effects of cynaroside in rat explant organs (legs). Explanted legs were pretreated with cynaroside (40, 80, and 160 μ M) for 1 h, followed by IL-1 β (10 ng/mL) stimulation for 4 days. (a) Nitrite production was determined in the cultured medium using a Griess reagent. (b) PGE 2 production was determined in the cultured medium using ELISA. (c) Protein levels of iNOS, Cox-2, MMP-13, and ADAMTS-4 were determined using western blot analysis. (d) Quantitative data of (c) were analyzed using ImageJ software. α -Tubulin served as an internal control. (e) Histological analysis of proteoglycan loss was carried out by Safranin O staining and the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) advanced Osteoarthritis Cartilage Histopathology Assessment System. Results are represented as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. ## p < 0.01 compared with the control group; ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗ p < 0.001 compared with the IL-1 β -treated group. CON: control; RNS: reactive nitrogen species: PGE 2 : prostaglandin E 2 ; iNOS: inducible nitrite oxide; Cox-2: cyclooxygenase-2; MMP: matrix metalloproteinase; ADAMTS-4; a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4.

Article Snippet: The concentrations of PGE 2 , TNF- α , collagen, type II, and aggrecan in the culture medium or cells were measured using commercial ELISA kits (PGE 2 and TNF- α , R&D Systems; collagen type II and aggrecan, MyBioSource) according to the manufacturer's protocol.

Techniques: Cell Culture, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot, Software, Control, Staining, Histopathology

Journal: Journal of Inflammation Research

Article Title: Antimicrobial Activity of Brassica rapa L. Flowers Extract on Gastrointestinal Tract Infections and Antiulcer Potential Against Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats Supported by Metabolomics Profiling

doi: 10.2147/JIR.S345780

Figure Lengend Snippet: Bar chart showing the effect of BRFE treatment on ( A ) PGE2 levels and ( B ) NO levels in the stomach of the tested rats. The symbol * represents a significant change.

Article Snippet: The prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) level in the stomach tissue homogenate supernatant was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; Mouse PGE2 ELISA Kit NOVA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Bioneovan Co., China).

Techniques: